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Automatically building large-scale named entity recognition corpora from Chinese Wikipedia

Jie ZHOU,Bi-cheng LI,Gang CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第11期页码 940-956 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500067

摘要： Named entity recognition (NER) is a core component in many natural language processing applications. Most NER systems rely on supervised machine learning methods, which depend on time-consuming and expensive annotations in different languages and domains. This paper presents a method for automatically building silver-standard NER corpora from Chinese Wikipedia. We refine novel and language-dependent features by exploiting the text and structure of Chinese Wikipedia. To reduce tagging errors caused by entity classification, we design four types of heuristic rules based on the characteristics of Chinese Wikipedia and train a supervised NE classifier, and a combined method is used to improve the precision and coverage. Then, we realize type identification of implicit mention by using boundary information of outgoing links. By selecting the sentences related with the domains of test data, we can train better NER models. In the experiments, large-scale NER corpora containing 2.3 million sentences are built from Chinese Wikipedia. The results show the effectiveness of automatically annotated corpora, and the trained NER models achieve the best performance when combining our silver-standard corpora with gold-standard corpora.

关键词： NER corpora Chinese Wikipedia Entity classification Domain adaptation Corpus selection

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基于语料库的小学英语认识率及教材选词策略研究 Article

Wen-yan XIAO,Ming-wen WANG,Zhen WENG,Li-lin ZHANG,Jia-li ZUO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第3期页码 362-372 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601118

摘要：词汇是语言学习中的基础任务之一，是语言学习者发展听、说、读、写语言技能的重要前提，在教材课文选择中要覆盖哪些词汇，是教材编写中的基本问题。针对这个问题，本文利用网络爬虫等技术构建英文网页语料库(EWC)，并进行词频分析；将EWC与英国国家语料库(BNC)进行词频对比分析，发现词频分布具有一定的时效性。通过我国目前小学英语教材词汇表与EWC, BNC, SUBTLEX-US，CBBC词频表的对比分析，给出了小学生在一般阅读时的英语词汇认识率，分析结果表明，小学生对一般语域和特定语域的词汇认识率都相对较低。通过这些定量分析，本文为我国小学英语教材编写提出了一些词汇选择方面的策略。

关键词：语料库；小学英语；认识率；词频；覆盖率

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用齐夫定律解读教材词表——评Xiao et al. (2017)《基于语料库的小学英语认识率及教材选词策略研究》 Correspondence

Qiong HU, Ming YUE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第7期页码 863-866 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700418

摘要： Xiao et al. (2017)在对比分析4个语料库的基础上，提出国内小学六年级学生的识词率增长不能令人满意的观点，建议人教版小学英语通用教材总词汇在原有726个的基础上再增加903个，并删除twelfth（序数词，第十二）这样的低频词。作为外语教师和语言学家，我们赞同他们应用先进信息技术对传统词表进行评估的做法，但认为这项工作：1. 在构建参考语料库时需重视语料抽样的合理性；2. 在解读词频时需重视齐夫定律（Zipf’s law，即英语词频与词秩成反比）的作用——识字率增长随词汇量增加而减缓的情况是合理的；3. 在提出教材选词策略时，需考虑小学生认知特点和课业负担等现实因素限制，以及语言教育的总体目标，不能随便删除twelfth这样承载文化的词汇；4. 学龄儿童全国通用外语教材编写是项复杂的系统工程，需要各领域专家共同关注。

关键词：齐夫定律（Zipf’s law）；语料库；英语；教科书；词表

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Review on ranking and selection: A new perspective

L. Jeff HONG, Weiwei FAN, Jun LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 321-343 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0152-6

摘要： In this paper, we briefly review the development of ranking and selection (R&S) in the past 70 years, especially the theoretical achievements and practical applications in the past 20 years. Different from the frequentist and Bayesian classifications adopted by Kim and Nelson (2006b) and Chick (2006) in their review articles, we categorize existing R&S procedures into fixed-precision and fixed-budget procedures, as in Hunter and Nelson (2017). We show that these two categories of procedures essentially differ in the underlying methodological formulations, i.e., they are built on hypothesis testing and dynamic programming, respectively. In light of this variation, we review in detail some well-known procedures in the literature and show how they fit into these two formulations. In addition, we discuss the use of R&S procedures in solving various practical problems and propose what we think are the important research questions in the field.

关键词： ranking and selection hypothesis testing dynamic programming simulation

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Control mode selection for modal control of long-span arch bridge

Zhengying LI, Zhengliang LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 401-406 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0052-z

摘要： For seismic control of arch bridge, a model reduction of long-span arch bridge was implemented based on modal analysis. As for the critical mode selection, an approach based on the maximum modal displacement was presented. This approach takes into consideration the effect of external seismic excitation and is more reasonable than only considering dynamic bridge characteristics based on a modal contribution ratio. The time domain and frequency domain analysis method were used to verify the simplified model of the Nimu arch bridge in Tibet as an example. The numerical results show that the method of maximal modal displacement better analyze long-span arch bridge when multisupport seismic excitation must be considered. The reduced-order system also is more in line with the performance of the original model.

关键词： selection reduced-order excitation long-span simplified

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Supplier selection and order splitting in multiple-sourcing inventory systems

WANG Guicong, JIANG Zhaoliang, LI Zhaoqian, LIU Wenping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 23-27 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0016-3

摘要： Supplier selection and inventory control are critical decision processes in single-item multiple-supplier systems. An integer linear programming model is proposed to help managers determine the reorder level, choose the best suppliers, and place the optimum order quantities so that the total average inventory cost is minimum, and constraints of supplier ability, quality, and demand are considered. An algorithm combining the branch-bound algorithm and enumeration algorithm is developed to solve the problems. Application of the proposed model in an automobile industry shows that it is effective.

关键词： automobile industry branch-bound algorithm selection single-item multiple-supplier effective

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Genomic regions under selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds

Xuexue LIU, Yuehui MA, Lin JIANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 289-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017155

摘要： Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago, thousands of years later than other domestic animals; however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using marker-assisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci (3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:232597 32) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.

关键词： horse coat color racing performance gait height

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Case-based reasoning for selection of the best practices in low-carbon city development

Zhenhua HUANG, Hongqin FAN, Liyin SHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 416-432 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0036-1

摘要： Cities emit extensive carbon emissions, which are considered a major contributor to the severe issue of climate change. Various low-carbon development programs have been initiated at the city level worldwide to address this problem. These practices are invaluable in promoting the development of low-carbon cities. Therefore, an effective approach should be developed to help decision makers select the best practices from previous experience on the basis of the impact features of carbon emission and city context features. This study introduces a case-based reasoning methodology for a specific city to select the best practices as references for low-carbon city development. The proposed methodology consists of three main components, namely, case representation, case retrieval, and case adaption and retention. For city representation, this study selects city context features and the impact features of carbon emission to characterize and represent a city. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by applying it to the selection of the best practices for low-carbon development of Chengdu City in Sichuan Province, China.

关键词： low-carbon city carbon emission best practices case-based reasoning

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复杂艰险山区地质勘察及选线技术

何华武,曾强运

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第12期页码 9-12

摘要：

宜万铁路处于复杂艰险山区，其地形地质条件复杂，不良地质现象突出，简要介绍了宜万铁路地质问题特点、采取的综合地质勘察方法以及方案比选线等的相关情况，为类似工程的勘察及选线提供借鉴。

关键词：宜万铁路地质特点地质勘察地质选线

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Face recognition based on subset selection via metric learning on manifold

Hong SHAO,Shuang CHEN,Jie-yi ZHAO,Wen-cheng CUI,Tian-shu YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第12期页码 1046-1058 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500085

摘要： With the development of face recognition using sparse representation based classification (SRC), many relevant methods have been proposed and investigated. However, when the dictionary is large and the representation is sparse, only a small proportion of the elements contributes to the 1-minimization. Under this observation, several approaches have been developed to carry out an efficient element selection procedure before SRC. In this paper, we employ a metric learning approach which helps find the active elements correctly by taking into account the interclass/intraclass relationship and manifold structure of face images. After the metric has been learned, a neighborhood graph is constructed in the projected space. A fast marching algorithm is used to rapidly select the subset from the graph, and SRC is implemented for classification. Experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance and significant efficiency enhancement.

关键词： Face recognition Sparse representation Manifold structure Metric learning Subset selection

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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023521

摘要：

● Score index methods readily discriminate genotypes adapted to a target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

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北京铁路地下直径线盾构选型及功能设计

韩亚丽,吕传田,张宁川

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 29-34

摘要：

根据隧道直径的大小和地质等条件，分析北京铁路地下直径线隧道工程盾构法施工中盾构设备选型考虑的因素及选择的机型，确定盾构机型配置的主要功能及对地质的适应性，并对盾构主要结构数据和配备能力进行了计算和描述。提出了盾构选型和设计中需要注意的事项和问题。

关键词：铁路地下直径线盾构选型盾构功能设计

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页岩气主要富集因素与核心区选择及评价

王社教,杨涛,张国生,李登华,陈晓明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第6期页码 94-100

摘要：

影响页岩气规模开发的因素很多，最核心的因素是首先要通过建立地质评价标准，选出页岩气核心区。核心区的确定关系到在页岩气勘探初期，是否能找准页岩气最富集的目标，选择最有利地区进行勘探，突破出气关，进而实现大规模经济开发。从页岩气成藏特征、页岩气富集因素分析入手，重点探讨我国富有机质页岩的丰度、成熟度、脆性矿物含量、含气性以及盖层等关键参数及其作用。借鉴北美页岩气勘探开发和研究成果，结合我国页岩气勘探开发和研究新进展，初步建立我国页岩气核心区地质评价标准，并优选出我国南方海相页岩气的核心区，指出四川盆地南部是我国最现实的页岩气开发区。

关键词：核心区选区与评价富集因素海相页岩页岩气

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宿主微生物组内的基因组突变——适应性进化或净化选择 Review

张家超, Rob Knight

《工程（英文）》 2023年第20卷第1期页码 96-102 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.018

摘要：

二代测序技术转变了人们评估宿主相关微生物区系和微生物组的分类组成功能的能力。未来10 年将会开展更多的人类微生物组研究，特别是那些探索微生物组内基因组突变的研究。本文聚焦于微生物组内菌株之间的共同进化，塑造了宿主肠道微生物种内和种间的菌株水平多样性。还探讨了微生物基因组突变与常见代谢疾病之间的关联，以及病原体和益生菌在入侵和定植过程中的适应性进化。最后，讨论了注释和分析微生物基因组突变方法和算法的研究进展。

关键词：肠道菌群基因组突变适应性进化净化选择单核苷酸变异

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我国探月工程运载火箭选型问题探讨

龙乐豪

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第9期页码 31-37

摘要：

“发展空间科学，开展深空探测”是我国近期（2010年前后）的航天发展目标之一，月球探测是实现我国“开展深空探测”的第一步。发射月球探测器（或卫星）选择适当的火箭型号显得尤其重要。文章从月球探测工程对运载火箭的基本要求着手，结合国外月球探测工程的经验和长征系列火箭的现状，提出了候选火箭及其改造方案，并且对月球探测三种运行轨道的优缺点和工程的可实现性进行了分析。从航天大系统工程整体化的角度，提出了用长征三号乙加上面级发射环月卫星，同时将上面级实现硬（或软）着陆作为首选方案，用长征三号丙发射探月器进入奔月轨道作为次选方案的建议。

关键词：探月工程运载火箭选型研究